Spain’s medicines watchdog has delivered its clearest verdict yet on homeopathy: it doesn’t work.

In a major new report, the AEMPS concludes there is no scientific evidence that homeopathic treatments are effective, with results no better than a placebo.

The respected agency reviewed 64 systematic studies published since 2009 and found a consistent pattern: the higher the quality of the research, the weaker the supposed effects of homeopathy – until they disappear entirely.

Most studies claiming benefits were found to be unreliable, often with small sample sizes, short follow-up periods or flawed methodologies.

A theory that clashes with physics

Beyond clinical results, the report highlights a more fundamental issue.

Homeopathy is based on extreme dilutions, so extreme that, in many cases, not a single molecule of the original substance remains.

At a common dilution level like 12CH, it is mathematically impossible for any active ingredient to still be present.

To illustrate this, the report compares even a lower dilution (6CH) to dissolving a sugar cube in the entire Mediterranean Sea.

The idea of ‘water memory’ – that water retains the properties of substances once dissolved in it – is dismissed as having no scientific basis.

No approved medical uses in Spain

Following a regulatory review, there are now no homeopathic products in Spain authorised with therapeutic claims.

While 976 products remain on sale, they are registered under a simplified system that does not require proof of effectiveness and they are legally forbidden from advertising any medical benefits.

Spain’s stance reflects a growing international trend.

Countries like the UK have moved to stop public funding for homeopathy and require warning labels, while Germany is considering removing it from public health coverage altogether.

Not risk-free

Although often marketed as ‘natural’ and harmless, homeopathic products are not entirely without risk.

There have been reports of serious side effects, including poisoning due to incorrect use and even deaths in infants linked to certain remedies abroad.

But the main danger, according to AEMPS, is indirect: people delaying or abandoning proven medical treatments in favour of ineffective alternatives.